Node.js is a powerful JavaScript runtime environment that enables server-side development. Here's a detailed breakdown:
1. Core Architecture
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V8 Engine – Compiles JavaScript into machine code for fast execution.
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Event Loop – Manages asynchronous tasks without blocking the main thread.
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Libuv – Handles I/O operations, thread pool, and timers.
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Non-Blocking I/O – Executes tasks without waiting for previous ones to complete.
2. Key Features
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Single-Threaded Model – Uses an event-driven architecture to handle multiple requests efficiently.
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Asynchronous Programming – Prevents blocking operations, improving performance.
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Cross-Platform Compatibility – Runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
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NPM (Node Package Manager) – Provides access to thousands of reusable packages.
3. Node.js Modules
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Built-in Modules – Includes fs, http, path, and events for core functionalities.
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Custom Modules – Developers can create and export their own modules.
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Third-Party Modules – Libraries like Express.js, Socket.io, and Mongoose enhance development.
4. Server-Side Development
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HTTP Server – Handles requests and responses efficiently.
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REST API Development – Enables backend services for web applications.
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Database Integration – Works with MongoDB, PostgreSQL, and MySQL.
5. Performance Optimization
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Caching – Stores frequently accessed data to reduce processing time.
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Load Balancing – Distributes requests across multiple servers.
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Cluster Module – Utilizes multiple CPU cores for parallel processing.