MongoDB is a NoSQL database designed for flexibility, scalability, and high performance. Unlike traditional relational databases, MongoDB stores data in JSON-like documents, making it ideal for handling unstructured or semi-structured data. Here's a detailed breakdown:
1. Core Features
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Document-Oriented Storage – Uses BSON (Binary JSON) format for efficient data representation.
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Schema Flexibility – Allows dynamic and evolving data structures.
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Scalability – Supports horizontal scaling with sharding.
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High Performance – Optimized for fast read/write operations.
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Indexing & Querying – Provides powerful indexing and aggregation capabilities.
2. Data Model & Structure
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Collections & Documents – Stores data in collections instead of tables.
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Embedded Documents – Allows nesting of related data within a single document.
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Reference Relationships – Links documents across collections for structured data.
3. Querying & Aggregation
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CRUD Operations – Create, Read, Update, Delete.
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Aggregation Framework – Performs complex queries and data transformations.
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Indexes – Enhances query performance with efficient searching.
4. Scalability & Performance Optimization
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Sharding – Distributes data across multiple servers for scalability.
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Replication – Ensures high availability and fault tolerance.
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Load Balancing – Distributes queries efficiently across nodes.
5. Security & Authentication
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Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) – Manages user permissions.
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Encryption – Secures data at rest and in transit.
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Authentication Mechanisms – Supports LDAP, Kerberos, and X.509 certificates.
6. MongoDB for Web & Cloud Applications
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Integration with Web Frameworks – Works with Node.js, Python, and Java.
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Cloud Deployment – Available on AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud.
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MongoDB Atlas – Fully managed cloud database service.