C++ is a powerful, high-performance programming language widely used for system programming, game development, and software engineering. Here's a detailed breakdown:
1. Basics of C++
- Syntax & Structure: Understanding variables, data types, and operators.
- Control Flow: Conditional statements (
if, switch) and loops (for, while).
- Functions: Defining and calling functions, function overloading.
2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Classes & Objects: Encapsulation and data abstraction.
- Inheritance: Single, multiple, and hierarchical inheritance.
- Polymorphism: Function and operator overloading, virtual functions.
3. Memory Management
- Pointers: Dynamic memory allocation (
new, delete).
- References: Pass-by-reference and pointer arithmetic.
- Smart Pointers:
unique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr.
4. Advanced C++ Features
- Templates: Generic programming with function and class templates.
- STL (Standard Template Library): Containers (
vector, map), algorithms, iterators.
- Multithreading: Thread creation, synchronization (
mutex, condition_variable).
5. File Handling & Exception Handling
- File I/O: Reading and writing files using
fstream.
- Exception Handling:
try, catch, throw mechanisms.
6. C++ for System Programming
- Low-Level Programming: Bitwise operations, memory manipulation.
- Networking & OS Interaction: Socket programming, system calls.